Surge: Coastal Resilience and Real Estate | Urban Land Institute

Strategies to protect coastal real estate against sea-level rise, storms, and erosion while ensuring equity.

The increasing risks that coastal hazards—such as sea level rise, storms, flooding, and erosion—pose to real estate and communities. As 40% of the global population lives near coastal areas, these hazards are exacerbated by climate change and urbanization. Sea level rise accelerates flooding and erosion, leading to significant property damage and infrastructure losses.

Real estate markets in coastal regions face growing challenges. Historically, insurance mitigated risks, but rising premiums and policy restrictions are reshaping property values. Properties in high-risk zones often appreciate at slower rates or are sold at discounts. This trend highlights the economic argument for investing in resilience: for every dollar spent on mitigation, five to ten dollars are saved in avoided damages, insurance reductions, and emergency costs.

The report advocates for hybrid solutions combining “gray” infrastructure—such as seawalls—with “green” measures, like wetlands restoration, to protect coastal assets while preserving ecosystems. Adaptation strategies must address social equity, as marginalized communities bear the brunt of these hazards despite having the fewest resources to respond. Collaborative, system-level solutions are needed, as coastal risks cross jurisdictional boundaries.

Case studies from the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific illustrate successful resilience strategies that integrate policy, public-private partnerships, and adaptive design. These efforts not only protect investments but also enhance livability, equity, and ecological health in coastal regions.

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